The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening cup on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to get past Marseille in the Gulf and secure a fourth straight Trophee des Champions title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the net early on.
Yet, Marseille fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Chevalier then stood as the hero, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a convincing shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.